23.1.05

Suécia e China

Num artigo sobre as limitações do Index of Economic Freedom, Stefan M.I. Karlsson coloca a questão de saber se há mais liberdade na Suécia ou na China:

For example, take Sweden and China. Which of these are the most free? On the one hand, Sweden has an enormous welfare state spending more than 55% of GDP and also has extremely powerful unions which have been given the power by the state to force companies operating in Sweden to obey their command, while China has public spending of only about 20% of GDP and has no unions with any real power. Moreover, labor and environmental laws are far more intrusive in Sweden than in China.

On the other hand, despite great progress in recent years in reducing tariffs and non-tariff trade barriers, China is still more protectionist than Sweden. Also unlike Sweden, China still has capital flow controls and its state-owned companies still play a greater role (although that role is steadily declining due to the extremely high growth rate in the private sector) in the economy than in Sweden. And the court system and local authorities are clearly more arbitrary and corrupt than in Sweden. So, is the Swedish or the Chinese economy the most free?